Luciferase is a generic term for the class of oxidative enzymes used in bioluminescence and is distinct from a photoprotein. There are a group of enzymes. The most famous one is the firefly luciferase from the firefly Photinus pyralis and the luciferase from Renilla. Some luciferases are naturally secreted such as Gaussia Luciferase, Cypridina Luciferase.
Luciferase is widely used in signal enzymatic assays because of its high sensitivity, high linear dynamical ranges, and high through-put assay adaptation.
Different luciferases demonstrate some useful properties (See table below).
Types | Substrate | Wavelength Peak | Secrated | Sensitivity | Require ATP | Measurement |
F-luc (Firefly Luciferase) | D-Lucferin | 562 nm | No | medium | Yes | Peaked at 2 seconds, last for ~10 seconds |
G-luc (Gaussia Luciferase) | coelenterazine | 480 nm | Yes | extreme | No | Measure luc activity from supernatnat for living cells. Luc activity is stable at low pH; measure within 30 seconds |
C-Luc (Cypridina Luciferase) | cypridina luciferin | 465 nm | Yes | extreme | No | Measure luc activity from supernatnat for living cells. Luc activity is inhibited by EDTA; Long half life at ~ 48 hours. |
R-Luc(Renilla Luciferase) | coelenterazine | 480 nm | No | medium | No | Peaked at 2 seconds, last for 10 second |